References | Peer-Reviewed Research
Lamas GA, Goertz C, Boineau R, et al. (2013). Effect of Disodium EDTA Chelation Regimen on Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Previous Myocardial Infarction: The Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT). JAMA, 309(12), 1241–1250.
Available at: JAMA – TACT Randomized Trial
Escolar E, Lamas GA, Mark DB, et al. (2014). The Effect of an EDTA-Based Chelation Regimen on Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Prior Myocardial Infarction in the Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT). Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes.
Lamas GA, Anstrom KJ, Navas-Acien A, et al. (2024). Edetate Disodium-Based Chelation for Patients With a Previous Myocardial Infarction and Diabetes: TACT2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA.
Summary available from the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health: TACT2 Study Summary (NCCIH)
Lamas GA, et al. (2015). EDTA Chelation Therapy to Reduce Cardiovascular Events in Persons with Diabetes. Current Cardiology Reports.
Lamas GA, et al. (2016). Heavy Metals, Cardiovascular Disease, and the Unexpected Benefits of Chelation Therapy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
References | Integrative Medicine Resources
Townsend Letter. Chelation Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease: An Update on the Science.
Available through the Townsend Letter website
Townsend Letter. Impact of TACT on Conventional Cardiovascular Therapy.
Available through the Townsend Letter website
Naturopathic Doctor News & Review (NDNR). Chelation and IV Nutrient Therapy.
Available through NDNR (Naturopathic Doctor News & Review)
References | Clinical & Government Resources
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH): Chelation for Coronary Heart Disease – What You Need to Know
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH): Questions & Answers About the TACT and TACT2 Trials
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH): Cardiovascular Disease and Complementary Health Approaches
Goldfrank LR, et al. Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies. 11th Edition. McGraw-Hill Education.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR): Toxicological Profiles
World Health Organization (WHO): Lead Poisoning and Health
American Heart Association: Scientific Statements & Cardiovascular Health Resources